Heat-generator



l ","I' 1 u -fV il 24 No. 609,227. Pannte Aug. I6, |896.

N. J. CAREY.-

. HEAT GENERATOR.

(Application led May 2, 1892.) (N o M od a l.)

HEAT GENERATOR. (Application med May 2, 1892.)

(No Model.)

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one. ...OAOOOO 'No. 609,227. Patented Aug. IB, |898.- N. J. CAREY.

:HEAT GENERATOR.

(Application filed May 2, 1892.)

3 sheets-sheet 3.V

NO Model.)

Tu: Noam: Prrzas co., moro-urne., wAsHlNnroN. :sA c.

V NEVTON J. CAREY, OF OSKALOOSA, IOWA.

HEAT-G EN ERAToR.

SPECIFICATIONVforming part of Letters Patent No. 609,227, dated August16, 1898. Appleman ind May 2,1892. serai No. 431,505. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom, it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, NEWTON J. CAREY, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of Oskaloosa, in the county of Mahaska and State of Iowa,have invented'certain new and useful Improvements in Heat-Generators, ofwhich the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to provide a magazine Yheat-generatoradapted to the consumption of coal-slack, bituminous, and other cheapand low grades of fuel with little or no smoke and to avoid, in a largedegree, soot, dirt, and other disagreeable or objectionable conditionsresulting from the use of such coal as fuel and which maybe adapted tobe used 4 alone or attached or connected with heating or cooking stoves,heating-furnaces, boilers, or any other apparatus where heat is desired.

My invention consists in novel features of construction, as hereinafterdescribed and claimed.

In order that my invention may be fully understood, I will proceed todescribe it with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which-Figure I is a vertical section of my improved heat-generator on the lineI I, Figs. II and III. Fig. II is a vertical section on the line II II,Figs. I and III. tion on the line III III, Figs. I and'II. Fig. IV is aside elevation showing the application of my invention to the end of acooking-stove. Fig. V is a side elevation showing it applied to the topof a cooking-stove. Fig. VI is a side elevation showing it applied to aheating-stove.

My heat-generator is preferably constructed of fire-brick or iron walls2,formin g a chamber, and with suitable grates 3. This fuel-chamber inits action is substantially divided into what might be termed afire-chamber 4, a coking-chamber 5 above the fire-chamber, and amagazine 6 above the coking-chamber, the division between thefire-chamber and the coking-chamber being preferably marked by a draftor smoke iiue for the egressof the products of combustion. Outside ofthe walls forming the fuel-chamber is preferably located a casing l,leaving `a'space between it and the fuel-chamber to provide a verticalair-chamber 7, which may be entirely circumferential or may bedividedinto air-ducts by Fig. III is a horizontal secoutsidesustaining-ribs. The coking-chamber is perforated with a large number ofinwardly andpreferably downwardly inclined air holes or passages 8 andIO extending therethrough to form connection between the ducts orchambers 7- and the fuel-chamber.

In Figs. II and III the vertical passages are shown and constructed inthe body of the wall of the fuel-chamber. In Fig. I they are shown ascommunicating with a circumferential air-space between the wall of thecasing and the fuel-chamber.

Short air holes or passages IO are shown in` Figs. II and III asintermediate between the other inclined air-holes 8, the short air-holesforming a connection between the vertical air-ducts 9 and thefuel-chamber. The airchamber 7 and air-ducts 9 connect at their upperends and with, if desired, drop airflues 24 within the coking-chamber.

11 indicates circumferential air-fines which may be used for the purposeof connecting the vertical air-ducts 9 withinthe lining with thevertical air-ducts 7 between the lining and the shell. The casing ispreferably formed with an enlargement 12 around the cokingchamber toform the air-passage for connecting the vertical air-ducts 7.` Acircumferential air-supply tlue 15, formedbetween plates 13 and 14:, isconstructed at or near the bottom of the lining, which forms a commonchamber supplying the vertical air-duets or vertical air-passages 9through perforations 16. Air is admitted to the circumferential uethrough an opening 17 in front of the generator, which is controlled bydraft valve or door 18. If desired, for the purpose of admittin g moreair than can be obtained through the circumferential walls and theopenings 8 and IO an interior draft-flue or set-off draftflues orair-columns 20, made of fire-brick or iron, extend interiorly upwardlythrough the fire-box'and coking-chamber vand connect at their bottomswith a horizontal ue 19 between or under the grates. In the walls oftheaircolumns 2O are also located a large number of small air-passages2l, which connect the interior of the air-columns withaiireechamber andcoking-chamber. At the top of the air-columns there maybe located anair-box 22, through which the heated air isdischarged by means ofair-holes 2.4I into the coking- IOO chamber. 25 represents openingsextending to the front of the shell and the walls of the fire-chamber,through which the fire may be built, observed, and stirred. They areclosed off by doors 26. 27 indicates the ash-pit, having an opening 23,adapted to be closed by a door 29. The fuel-chamber is fed through anopening 30 in the top of the shell. This opening is preferably madeair-tight by a vpendent ring 31, with a horizontal iange 32,

and a collar 33 surmounting the flange and forming a trough 34, in whichliquid may be placed to provide a water seal and render theopeningair-tight when the cover 36-is applied; but any effective meansof sealing the opening against the pressure of air or the products ofcombustion could be utilized. As a receptacle for water to provide vaporfor the apartment in which the heat-generator is placed is oftendesirable, the means specified would accomplish this object and alsothat of sealing the opening. It will be observed that this constructionas a whole provides a fuelchamber with means at one end for receivingacharge of fuel into a magazine and means atthe other end of dischargingthe unburned residue, together With the various appliances necessary forcontrolling the draft, observing the fire, and regulating it, and thatthe draft which furnishes the burning fuel with air is one that is asevenly distributed throughout the-mass of the unburned fuel as ispossible to make it, due to the large number of small orifices throughwhich said draft is drawn into the .fuel-chamber. Preferably thearrangement is such that the air furnished through this multiplicity ofsmall orifices to feed the fire is, after the fire is once started,heated. Hence even if the supply of fuel be Wet or contain a largeamount of gas, as in the case of soft coal, it is dried and coked andthe air intermingled with the gases generated before or as soon as thefuel reaches what might be termed the fire-chamber, thus enablingperfect combustion to be carried on in the dre-chamber. The heating ofthe inflowing air is an important feature, although it is possible tocarry on the combustion and the operation with some fuels without it, asit is well known that an inflowing draft of air into a furnace tends tocool the furnace down, especially if such draft is a1- lowed to inflowfrom above the grates, and by heating the air in the manner specified Iavoid this andat the same time place the heated air in direct contactwith the cold fuel above, thereby vaporizing the moisture, raising it tothe high degree of, temperature, and gradually, as the fuel descends,coking the contents of the magazine in the coking-chamber. At the sametime I supply an abundant supply of oxygen to burn all of the gases, asWell as the coke that is formed.

It is obvious that the form of the heat-generator might be changed verymaterially without departing from the principles and mode of operationabove stated and that it may be supplemented, if desired or foundnecessary, by other devices or by attachments such as hereinafterdescribed. The generator, however, described might be used, as hereinbe*fore stated, with a cook-stove, as shown in Figs. IV and V, or it may beused alone, the draft-flue to the chimney being attached directly to itthrough the opening 4l. It is obvious, however, that a downdraft isessential. The draft-flue to carry away the smoke and products ofcombustion could not be connected with and lead out of the fuel-chamberat any point above the coking-chamber, although it may be placedanywhere between the top of whatis substantially the coking-chamber andthe grates.

In order to complete, if found necessary, the colnbustion and completelyburn all of the combustible gases generated, an attachment may be addedat the lower part and on the rear side of the generator, consisting of aprojection or an enlargement having a shell 37 and a lining 38, formingbetween them an ai r-space 39. The lining provides a combustion-chamber40, which connects with the interior of the f nel-chamber through thedraftiue 4l and also with the ash-pit by the opening 42. These openingsmay be provided with adjustable dampers 43 and 44.

Located in the combustionchamber 40 is a grate 37 which is adapted tocatch and hold until consumed any pieces of coke which may be drawn fromthe fire-chamber into this combustion-chamber 40.

45 is the draft-fine leading from the cornbustion-chamber 40, throughwhich they products of combustion pass and through which heat may besupplied to a stove or furnace or a boiler.

46 is an adjustable opening in the top of the shell 37, admitting air tothe space 3S, surrounding the lining.

46c is an opening through the shell leading into the interior of thecombustion-chamber, which is closed by the cover 46h.

The lining 33 is perforated with small holes 47 for the admission of airto the combustion-chamber to aid and complete the coinbustion. As manytimes a large amount of gas will be developed at and during thereplenishing of the fuel, I preferably provide a pipe 48, extending fromthe magazine to the top of the chamber 40, to carry off this gas andburn it in chamber 40. While all of the air-holes might be horizontal,yet I prefer to have them inclined, yas they are kept clear and not soliable to get choked.

In operating this device kindling is first placed in the fire-box, whichmay be ignited from either the Iirin g-door or ashpit,the draftdoorconnecting with the air-supply flues being closed, as is also the damperin the opening leading from the ash-pit, air being supplied throughash-pit door. On igniting the kindling the generator is fired withcharcoal or nut-coal through an opening in the top of the generatoruntil the top of the fire is burning IOC) IIO

above the flue 41. The coking-chaniber, inclu din g the magazine, isthen filled to the top with the fuel to be consumed,and the top openingis closed and the air-supply opened. The rate of burning may beregulated as may be desired by means of the various dampers.

In the perforated form the draft-flue 41, through which the products' ofcombustion pass, is placed between the coking-chamber and the lire-pot,as thus the gases and products of combust-ion during the coking are ledoif and do not pass through the burning coke below, whereas the burningcoke receives fresh air from the draft-holes below this exit 41orthrough the grates, as may be desired. In fact, the air-holes 8 and 10below the exit of the products of combustion might be omitted withoutparticular detriment, as by the time the fuel has reached that point itis expected to be completely coked and the gas products burned off.Hence there is not the same necessity `for furnishing the air in thesame way and to the same degree that there is to the unburned fuelabove, which is undergoing the process of drying and coking as itdescends. from my invention,` however, to have the draft-flue 41 locatednearly or quite on a level with the grates.

I-Iaving thus described my invention, the following is what I claim asnew therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a heat-generator, a fuel-chamber having an opening at or near theupper end for the admission of fuel, an opening at or near the other endfor removing the unburned residue, anjintermediate opening to adraft-chimney, a circumferential series of draf t-holes in the upperpart of the walls composing the fuel-chamber and above the opening tothe draft-chimney, and an adjustable draft in the lower portion of thechamber andupon the opposite end relative to the f ucl-chamber and iiue;substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a heat-generator, the combination of a casing having means for theintroduction of fuel at or near one end and means for the withdrawal ofunburned residue at or near the opposite end, an intermediate flueleading to the draftchimney, an internal air-Hue extending above saidintermediate ue and adapted to be surrounded by fuel, a multiplicity of`draft-holes in said air-Hue, a circumferential series of draft-holesabove the intermediate iiue in the walls of the casing, means forregulating the amount of air entering the air-Hue, and means forregulating the amount of air delivered by the holes in the casing;substantially as described.

3. In a heat-generator, the combination of afuel-chamber having anopening at or near itsuupper end for the admission of fuel, an openingat or near the lower end for the discharge of unburned residue, anintermediate draft-flue to discharge the products of combustion, anair-tube adapted to be surround- It would not be a departurev ed by fueland depending downwardly from the upper end of the generator, andadapted to discharge air into the fuel above the intermediate draftue;substantially as described.

4. A heat-generator, consisting of a fuelchamber, means for theadmission of fuel at its upper end, means for the withdrawal of unburnedresidue at its lower end, a jacket surrounding said fuel-chamber andextending to or near its upper end and uniting thereto and forming anair-chamber, adjustable means for admitting air to the lower end of saidair-chamber, a multiplicity of draft-openings through the walls of thefuel-chamber above the smoke-draft therefrom, and adjustable means forpermitting air to enter the fuel-chamber below the smoke-drafttherefrom, substantially as and for the purpose described.

5. A heat-generator, consisting of a fuelchamber adapted to admit fuelat its upper end, and adapted to discharge unburnedresidue `at its lowerend, an intermediate smokeiiue leading to a chimney, perpendicular iiuesformed in the Walls thereof having adjustable means for admitting air attheir lower ends, and closed at their upper ends, a series ofperforations or draft-holes from said iues to the interior of thefuel-chamber above the draft-fine, and an adjustable air-draftA leadinginto the lower portion of the chamber below the draft-flue,substantially as and for the purpose described.

6. The combination, with a shell or casing; of a lining providing afire-chamber and a coking-chamber and forlned with air-holes extendingfrom the outer side to the inner side, with vertical air-ducts withinthe body extending from the bottom to the top thereof, and with shortair-holes extending from the vertical air-ducts to the inner side of thelining; substantially as described.

7. The combination, with a shell or casing; of a lining providing afire-chamber and a coking-chamber arranged within the .shell or casinghaving air-ducts between it and the shell or casing and formed withvertical airducts within the body extending from the bottom to the topthereof; substantially as described.

8. The combination, with a shell or casing; of a lining providing afire-chamber and a coking-chamber arranged within the shell or casing,having air-ducts between it and the shell or casing, and formedwith'air-holes extending from the outer side to the inner side and withvertical air-ducts within the body extending-from the bottom to the topthereof, substantially as described.

i 9. The combination, with ashell or casing; of a lining providing afire-chamber and a coking-chamber arranged within the shell or casinghaving air-ducts between it and the shell or casing and formed withair-holes extending from the outer side to the in'ner side, withverticalair-ducts within the bodyex- IOO IIO

tending from the bottom to the top thereof, and with short air-holesextending from the vertical air-ducts to the inner side of the lining;substantially as described.

10. The combination, with a shell or casing; of a lining providing afire-chamber and a coking-chamber arranged within the shell or casinghaving air-ducts between it and the shell or casing and formed withvertical airducts within the body extending from the bottom to the topthereof and recesses by which the air-ducts between the shell or casingand the lining and the vertical air-ducts in the lining are connected;substantially as described.

11. The combination, of alining providing a lire-chamber and acoking-chamber, having air-ducts on the outer side thereof and a shellor casing formed with an enlargement which surrounds the lining andconnects the airducts; subst-antially as described.

12. The combination, with a shell or casing, and a lining providing afire-chamber and a coking-chamber; of the air-supply flue, thehorizontal flue extending beneath the firechamber and connected to theairsupply flue, and the vertical air-column extending from thehorizontal iiue through the fire-chamber and into the Golfing-chamberand formed with air-holes connecting the interior of the aircolumn withthe surrounding fire and coking chambers; substantially as described.

13. The combination, with a shell or casing and a lining providing afire-chamber and a coking-chamber, of the air-supply iiue, thehorizontal 'flue extending beneath the firechamber, and connected to theair-supply flue, and the upwardly-tapering vertical aircolumn extendingfrom the horizontal flue through the fire-chamber and into thecokingchamber and formed with air-holes connecting the interior of theair-column with the surrounding lire and coking chambers; substantiallyas described.

14. The combination, with a shell or casing and a lining providing afire-chamber and a coking-chamber; of the air-supply flue, thehorizontal iiue extending beneath the firechamber and connected to theairsupply flue, and vertical air-columns extending from the horizontalflue through the lire-chamber and into the coking-chamber, havingdropburners at their upper ends; substantially as described.

15. The combination, with a shell or casing and a lining providing a{ire-chamber and a coking-chamber; of the air-supply flue, thehorizontal flue extending beneath the firechamber and connected to theair-supply flue and the vertical air-columns extending from thehorizontal flue through the fire-chamber and into the Golfing-chamberhaving air-tubes provided with drop-burners which are formed withair-holes; substantially as described.

16. The combination, with the shell or casing and a lining providing afire-chamber and a coking-chamber, having a flue extending from thecoking-chamber through the lining, and through the shell or casing andan opening from the ash-pit extending through the shell or casing; ofthe projection or enlargement formed with a lining providing acombustion-chamber, and with a heat-discharge opening; substantially asdescribed.

17. The combination, with the shell or casing and a lining providing afire-chamber and a coking-chamber having a ilue extending from thecoking-chamber through the lining and through the shell or casing and anopening from the ash-pit extending through the shell or casing; of theprojection or enlargement consisting of a shell having an air-inlet, anda lining providing a combustion-chamber within an air-space between itand the shell and formed with air-holes for admitting air from the spaceto the combustion-chamber; the lining and shell being provided withaheatdischarge openin g substantially as described.

18. In aheat-generator, consisting of afuelchamber, means for theadmission of fuel at one end, means for the withdrawal of unburnedresidue at the other end, with intermediate smoke-iiue to discharge theproducts of combustion, one or more air-tubes adapted to be surroundedby fuel and having openings for the entry of air into the fuel above thesmoke-flue, and a multiplicity of airopenings in the walls of thegenerator; substantially as described.

19. Ina heat-generator consisting of a fuelchamber, means for theadmission of fuel at its upper end, means for the withdrawal of unburnedresidue at the lower end, an intermediatedraft-opening for the dischargeof the products of combustion, an air-box extending across thefuel-chamber above said opening to the chimney, and provided withopenings to admit air to the fuel above said opening to the chimney,substantially as described.

20. In a heat-generator consisting of a fuelchamber, draft-openings fortheadmission of air thereto, a draft for the products of combustionleading therefrom, a subcombustionchamber located in the line of saiddraft, an air-chamber located above said subcombustion-chamber andhaving downdraft-openings suitable for delivering air to the top of theflame and gases proceeding from the main combustion-chamber,substantially as described.

21. In a heatgenerator, a fuel-chamber having an opening at or near itsupper end for admission of fuel, an opening at or near the other end forwithdrawal of unburned residue, an intermediate opening to adraftchimney, a circumferential series of draftopenings between openingfor fuel andthe draft-opening to the chimney; substantially asdescribed.

NEWTON J. CAREY. Witnesses:

W. A. GREER, W. W. IIASKELL.

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